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Immanuel
Kant - How is knowledge deprived of
its objets?
ISABELA
VASILIU - SCRABA
Our
paper was based on the assumption of an obvious connection between the four
titles of comparison and the four "nothings", which led us to
consider that the "nothings"
table served as a basic structure in the construction of the transcendental
topics . This assumption helped us to formulate the following considerations:
1°-The
table of the four "nothings" may be considered as a condensed summary
of Kant's Weltanschauung.
2°-The
"nothings" table may be interpreted from an historical standpoint,
based on the difference among the four fields which it separates: on the one
hand the field of logic and nature, and on the other hand the field of the
dogmatic realism and the transcendental idealism. This standpoint gives the
image of the two trends of thinking (the one from the pre-critical and the
second from the critical period) which cross in this table. However, from the
viewpoint of the transcendental philosophy, the four "nothings" may
be regarded as the four limits of knowledge in Kant’s opinion: a) all we know
is phenomena; b) the field of experience cannot be exceeded; c) the human
sensitivity brings a limit in the realm of knowledge; d) the logic, which
ignores the contents of knowledge and which deals only with the form of
thinking, brings a limit too.
3°-Between
the first three "nothings" and the first three titles of comparison
there are obvious correlations. Kant’s critical examination of the monadology, following the concepts of
reflection in the transcendental topics, leads to the indirect indication of
knowledge boundaries because of its
unfitted object, in Kant’s view;
4°-The
critical period started with the Dissertation
of 1770, which referred to the
difference to be made between sensitivity and intellect. After the
transcendental topic had been worked out, the importance of this difference
became ever greater.
5°-In
point of its contents, the entire
Appendix seems to have been conceived starting from the table of the
four "nothings".
6°-The
table of the four "nothings" is not a result of the declared criterion,
i.e., a consequence of the table of categories; on the contrary, this criterion
was adapted subsequently. The four "nothings" seem to have been
determined as a development of the two "nothings" already present in Versuch,
den Begriff der negativen Grossen in die Weltweisheit einzufuhren (1763).
7°-The
entire Appendix seems to deal with
the following problem: how is knowledge deprived of its objets?
This problem unites the two parts of
the Appendix, i.e., the transcendental
topic and the table of the four "nothings".